You know, I'm old enough to remember when cloture required a two thirds majority, or 67 votes. Sometime in the past, it was changed to 60 votes. Of course today, thanks to the Republicans, a simple majority is all that's needed for cloture. So I did some searching to find out when and who did it. It appears that happened in 1975, when the Senate was trying to pass the Civil Rights Bill. In a weird twist, it was the Dems who where in the majority and yet they were the ones that voted to change the rules, all because they couldn't get the racist and more conservative Southern Democrats
within their own party to vote for the bill.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloture
The Senate's cloture rule originally required a supermajority of two-thirds of all senators "present and voting" to be considered filibuster-proof. For example, if all 96 Senators voted on a cloture motion, 64 of those votes would have to be for cloture for it to pass; however if some Senators were absent and only 80 Senators voted on a cloture motion, only 54 would have to vote in favor. However, it proved very difficult to achieve this; the Senate tried eleven times between 1927 and 1962 to invoke cloture but failed each time. Filibuster was particularly heavily used by Democratic Senators from Southern states to block civil rights legislation.
In 1975, the Democratic Senate majority, having achieved a net gain of four seats in the 1974 Senate elections to attain a strength of 61 (with an additional Independent Senator caucusing with them for a total of 62), reduced the necessary supermajority to three-fifths (60 out of 100). However, as a compromise to those who were against the revision, the new rule also changed the requirement for determining the number of votes needed for a cloture motion's passage from those Senators "present and voting" to those Senators "duly chosen and sworn". Thus, 60 votes for cloture would be necessary regardless of whether every Senator voted. The only time a lesser number would become acceptable is when a Senate seat is vacant. For example, if there were two vacancies in the Senate, thereby making 98 Senators "duly chosen and sworn", it would only take 59 votes for a cloture motion to pass.
The new version of the cloture rule requiring three-fifths (60%) rather than two-thirds (66.7%) approval, which has remained in place since 1975, makes it considerably easier for the Senate majority to invoke cloture. Even so, a successful cloture motion is uncommon.
woodchip wrote:TC you are correct. Now that the Republicans use it the left is going on attack. What they are really upset about is the Supreme Court is now a majority conservative bench.
Actually, nothing has changed. SCOTUS has been majority conservative for many years. Scalia was a conservative and so is Gorsuch. The balance remains the same.